Furnace



D. .1. CAMPBELL 1,998,707

FURNACE A ril 23, 1935.

Filed Nov. 13, 1933 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 QZO as v u Donald J (am cabal!WMMIW ATTORNEY April 1935- D. J. CAMPBELL 1,998,707

' FURNACE Filed NOV. 13, 1933 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 l3 ii... is

IN VENTOR Donald J Campbell ATTORNEYS A ril 23, 1935.

D. J. CAMPBELL FURNACE 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Nov. 15, 1955 N hi. I I

lNVb/VTO 00/27.! [am rive]! ATTORNEY IIII! April 23, 1935. D. J.cAMPBELL FURNACE Filed Nov. 13, 1953 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 [III 0W RIM Y 0 EW? M m v 100/? By 12 -01. 'mav Patented Apr. 23, 1935 v UNITED STATESFURNACE Donald J. Campbell, Spring Lake Township, t-.

tawa County, Mich., assignor to Campbell, Wyant & Cannon FoundryCompany, Muskegon, Mich., a corporation of Michigan Application November13, 1933,- Serial No. 697,816

' Claims. (o1. 1261+99).

This invention relates to furnaces of the socalled warm air furnace typeparticularly intended to heat buildings. a

An object of the invention is to provide a fur- 5 nace constructionwhich will cause circulation of the hot products of combustion in amanner to most eificiently dissipate the'heat therefrom into the aircirculated in the furnace jacket- Another object of the invention is toprovide a construction embodying a water receptacle which will causeevaporation of the water to be mixed with'the air' circulated in thefurnace jacket and provide hiunidification.

Another object of the invention is .to provide a construction which willcause introduction of air into the furnace jacket in amanner to" causeitto absorb moisture from the humidifier receptacle and to circulatearound the heated furnace body in a manner to efl'ectively absorb: theheat therefrom.

Another object of the invention is to provide a furnace jointconstruction which may be conveniently assembled and disassembledandwhich will provide a thoroughly tight and rigid joint.

The invention provides various novel features of construction andarrangement hereinafter more fully described and particularly pointedout in-the claims, reference being had to the :acoompanying drawings inwhich, r

Fig. l is a sectional plan on the line l--| of 'Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 is a vertical section from front to back of the furnace. Fig. 3is a plan view the furnace.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional elevation of. a portion ofthe furnace body joint and means for fastening the same.

Figs. 5, 6 and '7 are sectional plans on the lines 5-5, 6--6 and 1-1,respectively, of Fig. 2.

Fig. 8 is an end view of the parts illustrated in Fig. 4.

Like reference characters refer to like parts in all of the figures.

The furnace has the customary outer shell or jacket I which may besubstantially cylindrical in shape as shown. The lower end of the shellis closed by the floor upon which it sets and the upper end is closedby'the frusto-conical cap or bonnet 2. Within the shell the furnacebodyv is located, its various parts being preferably made of cast iron.The furnace'body comprises the ash pit section 3, the fire pot composedof upper and lower sections 4 and 5, the combustion chamber 6 and thedome 1. i The ash pit and combusof the ash pit section of tion chambersections have outward extending passages 3a and 6a respectively, throughthe wall of the jacket and each being closed by a conventional swingingdoor. --A fire grate 8 is provided in the upper; part of the ashemerging pit directly below the fire pot and channels 9,

having vertical grooves therein, are located on the inner wall of thelower section 5 of the fire pot and provide draft flues to feed air fromthe ash pit into the fire.

The radiator, indicated generally. as l 0, located in'theupper part ofthe furnace jacket, is of unusual construction. This radiator maybedescribed as substantially annular in shape .althoughas shown it isdivided at I4 at its front portion. The radiator has a horizontalpartition H separating it into upperiand lower chambers l2 and I3. Theupper chambers ,l-Z are .of arc shape and extend from the division M atthe front of the body rearwardly and are: terminated by verticalpartitions l5. The lower chamberl3 is substantially a complete circleexcepting that it is divided at the division land at the rearportion itcommunicateswith a vertical fine It extendingupwardly between thepartitions I 5, which vertical flue l6 communicates with the smoke-pipeflue I! at the rear of the furnace. The horizontal partition 5 I has aseries of spaced openings l 8, which openings are preferablygraduated insize, the openings at the front and farthest away from the vertical flueIt being larger than-theopenings near the back and closer to the fluel6. v

plurality of radial flues I!) extend between the dome l and the upperchamber l2 of the radiator 10 through whichproducts of combustion fromthe furnace-pass into the radiator. A rearwardly extending flue '20leads from the dome 1 and communicates with the vertical flue l6 andthe, smokepipe flue l1. and has a damper 2| located in-it by which itmay be closed. Suitable manual means, such as a rod 22 connected, to thedamper shaft and extending through the furnace jacket, may :be providedby which the damper 2| may be adjusted.

;Cleanout fiues 23 extend outwardly from opposite sides-of theforwardportions of the radiator l0 emerging through the jacket I andbeing provided with hinged doors by means of which access may be hadtothe radiator for cleaning.

A .U-shaped water troughZt, having an open upper side, is provided onthe outer side of the ash pit.3 and its passage Set for the purpose offurnace jacket I near the bottom thereof and a horizontal deflectorplate 28 is located within the jacket I directly above the opening ofthe cold air duct 25. This deflector plate 26 preferably fits tightlyagainst the jacket I and is spaced by an opening 21 from the watertrough 24. At intervals deflector tongues 28 are cut in the plate 26 atthe outer edge adjacent the jacket I and are bent downwardly providingopenings 29 and deflecting members extending downwardly into the path ofthe incoming air which directs a portion of the cold air upwardly intothe jacket near its wall, the remainder of the incoming cold air movingthrough the space .21 adjacent the water trough and thence upwardlyclose to the furnace body.

The various sections of the furnace body are provided with joints andfastening means by which the entire body assembly is rigidly connectedtogether to prevent it from leaking gas from the interior of the bodyinto the jacket portion. Each of the sections at its joining edges iscircular and the edge of one section has one or more annular grooves 30while the joining edge of the other section has a like number ofcorresponding annular tongues 3|. The tongues are somewhat smaller incross section than the grooves and cement is placed in the joint betweenthe sections when the parts are assembled.

The means for fastening the sections together consists of divided headedstuds 32, a half of one stud being formed on one of the sections and theother half-of the other section. When the sections are joined and thecomponent halves of the studs located adjacent each other, wire 33 iswound around the studs behind their heads and the ends twisted togetherwhich firmly holds the parts in place. If it is desired to separate theparts it may readily'be done by removing the wire 33 from the studspermitting them to be separated.

The various heated members of the furnace body are preferably providedon the outside with heat radiating fins 34 which preferably extendvertically in the direction of the fiow of air and materially aid in theradiation of heat.

Operation Although the furnace illustrated and described is designed toburn coal as a fuel it is to be understood that the principles of thisinvention relate to a furnace utilizing other fuel such as oil or gas.The fire occurs within the furnace body in the fire pot and combustionchamber, these parts being heated by the fire directly and the productsof combustion, commonly called smoke, travel upwardly into the dome'land outwardly through the radial fiues l9 into the upper chamber l2 ofthe radiator.

It may be here explained that in starting a fire, suchas a coal fire forexample, the damper 2! may be opened to provide a direct passage throughthe fiue 20 to the smoke outlet I! which gives a stronger draft and aidsin starting the fire. After the fire has been established the damper 2Imay be closed causing all of the smoke to travel through the radialfiues I9. After entering the chambers I2 of the radiator the smoke musttravel downwardly through the openings I8 into the lower chamber I3 fromwhich it finds its way through the vertical flue I6 and out through thesmoke pipe flue ii. The smoke follows a devious passage, part of whichis downward against the force of gravity, and this, in the first placeslows its rate of flow and, in the second place, causes it to contactgreater radiating area. Both of these factors result in an increase ofheat dissipation.

Water in the trough 24 is heated and evaporated and incoming air fromthe duct 25 deflected by the plate 2'5 and passing upward through theopening 21 adjacent the edge of the water trough absorbs the evaporatedmoisture. Since it is well established that evaporation is aided byheating the liquid, by changing the air over its surface and by reducingthe air pressure over its surface it will be seen that this structureutilizes these laws of evaporation to good advantage. The furnaceprovides the heat to aid evaporation and the air current, concentratedto move upwardly past the edge of the trough, decreases the air pressureover the surface of the water andalso moves the air current over thissurface.

A part of the incoming cold air is directed by the deflector tongues 28upwardly through the openings 29 into the furnace jacket; adjacent itsouter wall. While it is desirable to have the greater volume of aircurrent introduced into the jacket close to the furnace body, both toaid in evaporating the moisture and humidification and also because itwill be most effectively heated by close association with the furnacebody, it is also desirable to admit some of the air current into thejacket near its outer wall. The plate 26 and the tongues 28 formedintegral therewith are preferably of sheet metal and therefore thetongues may be bent upwardly or downwardly as desired both to govern thesize of the openings 29 and also the extent to which the tongues projectinto the air passage and by this means the amount of air passing throughthe openings 29 may be controlled.

It is to be understood that in this furnace, as is customary in furnacesof this type, the heated air is emitted from the jacket through openings35, which communicate with pipes through which the heated and humidifiedair is conducted to the spaces to be heated such as rooms at a higherlevel. V

The invention is defined in the appended claims and is to be consideredcomprehensive of all forms of structure coming within their scope.

I claim:

1. The combination with a furnace having a combustion chamber with adome thereabove, of a radiator comprising, an annular body having asingle division therein and having upper and lower chambers divided by apartition, a plurality of fiues communicating between the combustionchamber and the upper radiator chamber, a smoke outlet from the lowerradiator chamber at a location remote from the division in the radiator,passages through the partition communicating between the upper and lowerradiator chambers, said passages being of varying size and the largerpassages being located most remote from the said smoke outlet, a flueextending from the dome directly to the smoke outlet, means to closesaid flue, and means for introducing air below the last mentioned fiuewhereby the cooler air impinges thereagainst for the purpose described.

2. A combination of elements as in claim 1 in which the last mentionedmeans includes an opening extending immediately adjacent to the exteriorof the combustion chamber and partly therearound and a plurality ofopenings spaced from the combustion chamber. 1

3. The combination with a furnace having a combustion chamber, of a domefor said combustion chamber, an annular radiator body surrounding saiddome and spaced therefrom, said radiator body having an upper and lowerchamber divided by a partition, a plurality of fines extending radiallybetween the dome and the radiator, said flues acting to support theradiator upon the dome and also to aiford communication between the domeand the upper radiator chamber, a smoke outlet from the lower radiatorchamber, passages through said partition communicating between the upperand lower radiator chambers, and means for introducing air below thefiues and so directing the same as to cause it to flow againstpredetermined portions of the flues and radiator body and smoke outlet.

4. A combination of elements as in claim 3 in which guiding means isprovided for causing upward parallel flow of the air, said meansincluding integral ribs extending outwardly from the combustion chamber.

5. A combination with a furnace having a combustion chamber, of a domefor said combustion chamber, said dome being open at the bottom andconnecting with the combustion chamber, said dome having integral hollowflues extending radially outward therefrom, a substantially annularradiator body surrounding the dome and spaced therefrom and having itsends closed and juxtaposed to each other, said annular body being hollowand being integrally formed with the previously mentioned flues, saidflues leading into the upper portion of the annular radiator body, saidradiator body having a partition extending therearound in a plane belowthe lines, said partitions having a plurality of openings therein, thelargest of these openings being located immediately adjacent to theclosed ends of the annular body, two integral partitions locatedsubstantially opposite to the closed ends of the annular body, thesepartitions extending between the horizontally located partition and thetop of the annular body whereby an outlet is formed therebetween, aradially extending smoke outlet integrally formed with and extendingfrom the dome into the said smoke outlet and means for closing the same.

i DONALD J. CAMPBELL.

